How to become a geoscientist, except hydrologists and geographers

Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

Steps to get there

Most employers expect most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not..A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.

What geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers do

• Locate and review research articles or environmental, historical, or technical reports.
• Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.
• Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research.
• Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.
• Study historical climate change indicators found in locations, such as ice sheets or rock formations to develop climate change models.
• Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice on issues, such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites.

Skills that matter most

• Reading Comprehension
• Science
• Writing
• Speaking
• Critical Thinking
• Active Listening
• Mathematics
• Active Learning

Is geoscientist, except hydrologists and geographers a good career?

On the numbers, this job pays above the typical job. Median pay is 100% above the all-occupation median. Whether it fits you depends on the work itself, the schooling you are willing to do and where you want to live.

Where it pays most

• Texas $145,220
• Oklahoma $119,990
• Colorado $114,410
• Mississippi $112,400
• Maryland $110,510

Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers salary by state and city

Sources: O*NET® 31.0 (CC BY 4.0, USDOL/ETA) and BLS Employment Projections 2025–35. Pay: BLS OEWS May 2025.